مرمروتي

thax kteeer medhate hia de al malzama el teacher editha fel mohdrat ??

شكرا لكم انا معايا كذا مادة هتابعكم ولما انزل الجامعة هنزلكم اللي حصل بالمحاضرة بس مفيش حد من القاهرة بيحضر هنااا؟؟

شكرا لكم انا معايا كذا مادة هتابعكم ولما انزل الجامعة هنزلكم اللي حصل بالمحاضرة بس مفيش حد من القاهرة بيحضر هنااا؟؟

يعني السؤال الاول اللي عليه 12 درجة هيجي يا اما عن الانجلو ساكسون او النورمان ساكسون بس يعني مركز غير علي دووول ؟؟ ولا انتي بتديعنا مثاال ؟؟ والجزء التاني عن ancient england ممكن تحدجيلي ايه هما الاربع شخصيااات عشان انا زكرت الكتاااب كله وشكلي كده هتشل علي المذاكرررة اللي ذكرتها في اجزااء مش علينا وشكرررا ليكي جداا وربنااا معاااااكي

يا جماااعة التطبيقات المكتوبة في سيت الجااامعة مهمة ولا الوررق اللي موجود في المكتبة اهمم يعني ارررراجع انهي بتركيززز علشااان انا معنديش الوررق بتاع المكتبة لو مهم قووي انزل اجيبه مع انو بعيد عني جداااا

سلااام عليكووو عملتواااا ايه يا شباااااااب في الامتحاااااااااااااااااااان يا ررب يعدي باقي الامتحانات علي خيرررر

لا قصدي يا مريم يعني كفاية اني اسمع الحلقات ديه واراجع شوية من الكتااب وخلااص كده انا عملت كده بس حااسة انو بررضه ناقص حااجات

سلاااام عليكم مين يا جمااااعة مين عارف ييذاكر مادة التررجمة انا نزلت الحلقات الدراسية اللي موجودة في السيت مش عاارفة اسمعها وارجعها ولا اعمل ايه ؟؟؟؟؟

ميرسي يا مرريم جدااا جددااا انا عملتلها نااو برينت وهزكرهاا حالا عشان الحق اراجع عليهم كلهم بتمني لكي التوفيق والتفوق ثواب مجهوداتك للاخرين

ميريم انا مذكرة في قطع الكمبيرهنشن sleep Alfred noble statute of liberty valentine Thanksgiving فيه قطعة الحروف الهجائية ديه مش عاارفة اوصلها متعرفيش اي حد منزلها هنا يا مريم ميرسي لتعاونكم معاانا

شكرااا ليكي جدا ميريم علي مجهودك الراائع بس عايزة اسالك سوال كده بس هما القطع الخمسة دول اللي نذاكرهم ؟؟ تسلمي علي مجهوداتك

ميرسي كتير

القطعة الثانية sleep [b]Sleep is a natural body function during which we are relatively unconscious and the muscles that we normally control are relaxed. The result of sleep is refreshment of the nervous system (including the brain) and of the muscles. As we grow up, our bodies normally require less sleep. Infants require from 12 to 14 hours, while adults may require from 6 to 8 hours. When we have persistent difficulty in falling asleep, clock watching should be avoided. Sometimes, very slow and deep breathing can encourage sleep. It can be helpful to get out of bed and do a quiet activity that is relaxing. This might be reading or writing, for example. Remaining in bed while you cannot sleep is usually not helpful. We can also promote better sleep on our own by changing our diets and by altering our lifestyles. People with difficult sleeping, "insomnia", should avoid caffeine. Caffeine is in coffee, and it is also a component of tea and cola drinks. Alcohol should also be avoided because it can disturb the last phases of sleep. A light snack before bedtime sometimes can promote sleep. The reverse is also true: hunger has the effect of making sleep difficult. When we are having trouble sleeping at night, we should not take naps during the day. On the contrary, it can be beneficial to exercise regularly. 1- Define sleep. Sleep is a natural body function. When we sleep, our muscles are relaxed and our bodies are relatively unconscious. Sleep makes us feel refreshed; this means that the nervous system (including the brain) and the muscles are refreshed. 2- What is the physical effect (i.e. the effect on the body) of sleep on man? The physical effect of sleep on man is that one feels refreshed; this means that the nervous system (including the brain) and the muscles are refreshed and relaxed. 3- How many hours of sleep do infants need? How many hours of sleep do adults need? Infants need from 12 to 14 hours of sleep, while adults need 6 to 8 hours of sleep each day. 4- According to the passage, what should people do in order to sleep well? (Mention 2 points only) In order to sleep well, people should exercise regularly, and practise relaxing activities like reading and writing. Moreover, they should change their life styles to include better food diets, and avoid drinking caffeine drinks such as coffee and tea because these drinks affect sleep. People should also avoid alcohol because it disturbs sleep phases. Sometimes, taking a light snack before sleep helps one to sleep better. In addition, people should not take naps during the day because it stops people from sleeping well at night. 5- ?What is the medical term for "difficult sleeping " The medical term for "difficult sleeping is "insomnia". [/b]

مررررراحب عليكم ديه يا جماااعة قطعتين الكمبيرهنشن اللي احنا اخدناهم في ترم مارس عشان لو حد محتاج يعرف وصلنا لفين في الكمبيرهنشن ده اللي انا عرفته اننا وصلنا ليه قطعيتن وحدة عند sleep ,التانية عن Alfred Nobel القطعة الاولي عن الفريد نوبل [color=black] I) Read the following passage and answer the questions below: Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but he became a millionaire; a scientist with a love for literature; an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although he was cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or a family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but he saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure people. During his useful life, he often felt that he was useless. World-famous for his inventions, he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life, he avoided publicity, but since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others. In fact, Nobel's main concern was never with making money, or even with making scientific discoveries. He was always searching for a meaning to life, and, from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human love, he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor. His greatest wish was to see an end to wars and, thus, peace between nations. He spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding achievements in physics, medicine, literature, and peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. Vocabulary Swedish سويدي Inventor مخترع Industrialist رجل صناعة Contrasts متناقضات Bankrupt مفلس Millionaire مليونير Scientist عالم Literature الأدب Managed نجح Remain بقى Idealist مثالى Fortune ثروة Simple بسيط Cheerful مرح Company الصحبة Sad حزين private عزلة Mankind الجنس البشرى Patriotic وطنى Native land الوطن الأم Foreign أجنبى Soil تراب Invented اخترع Explosive متفجرات Dynamite الديناميت Improve يحسن/ يطور Peacetime وقت السلم Industries صناعات Mining التعدين Road building بناء / شق الطرق Weapon سلاح Injure يصيب Useless بلا فائدة Famous مشهور Well-known معروف Throughout علي مدي / طوال Avoided تجنب Publicity الدعاية Fame الشهرة Glory المجد Main أساسى / رئيسى Concern انشغال Discoveries اكتشافات Youth شباب Serious جاد Interest اهتمام Philosophy فلسفة Care عناية Deeply بعمق Generous كريم Wish أمنية Nations الأمم Cause قضية Will وصية Provide يقدم Prizes جوائز Outstanding بارز/ مميز Physics الفيزياء Chemistry الكيمياء Medicine الطب Memorial تذكار Ideals مثاليات Questions 1- What is the main idea of the first paragraph? The main idea of the first paragraph is that Alfred Nobel was a man of contrasts. 2- What nationality was Alfred Nobel? Alfred Nobel was Swedish. 3- Why was Nobel considered يعتبر3- a man of many contrasts? Nobel was considered a man of many contrasts because his life and character contained احتوت many contradictions. متناقضات For example, he became a millionaire although his father was a bankrupt. Also, he was a scientist who loved literature. He was cheerful with others, but sad alone. 4- What did Nobel invent? He invented a new explosive, dynamite. 5- What was this invention meant to improve? It was meant to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building. 6- What was it actually used for? It was actually used as weapon of war to kill and injure people. 7- What is the main idea of the second paragraph? The main idea of the second paragraph is Nobel's character and interests. 8- What was Nobel always searching for? He was always searching for a meaning to life. 9- What was he seriously interested in since his youth? Since his youth, he was seriously interested in literature and philosophy. 10- What was Nobel's greatest wish? His greatest wish was to see an end to wars and, thus, peace between countries. 11- When did Nobel die? Nobel died in 1896. 12- How has Nobel's name brought fame and glory to others after his death? After his death, name brought fame and glory to others who were awarded منحوا Nobel Prizes. 13- Name two Egyptian figures شخصيتين who were awarded Nobel Prizes. Among those who were awarded Nobel Prizes were Naguib Mahfouz, Ahmed Zoweil, and President Anwar El Sadat. 14- Use each of the following words in a sentence of your own. inventors – fame – concern – outstanding ٭Inventors help to improve our life and make it easier. ٭Most artists are anxious for fame. ٭Her concern for others has won her the love of everyone around her. ٭Shakespeare was an outstanding writer. Revision I) Read the following passage and answer the questions below: The Geneva Conventions comprise rules that apply in times of armed conflict. They seek to protect people who are not or are no longer taking part in war: for example, wounded or sick fighters, prisoners of war, civilians, medical and religious personnel. The Geneva Conventions consist of four treaties and three additional protocols that set the standards in international law for humanitarian treatment of the victims of war. However, the term Geneva Conventions refers to the agreements of 1949, negotiated after of World War II, that include articles defining the basic rights of those captured during a military conflict, means of providing protection for the wounded, and for civilians in and around a war zone. The treaties of 1949 have been ratified, in whole or with reservations, by 194 countries. In fact, this idea goes back to the nineteenth century. In 1862, Henry Dunant published his book, ''Memoirs de Solferino'' ("Memories of Solferino"), on the horrors of war. Dunant's wartime experiences inspired him to propose a permanent relief agency for humanitarian aid in times of war, and a government treaty to guarantee the neutrality of the agency and allowing it to provide aid in a war zone. The former proposal led to the establishment of the Red Cross. The latter led to the First Geneva Convention. For both of these accomplishments, Henry Dunant was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901. However, not all violations of these treaties are treated equally. The most serious crimes are termed grave breaches, and provide a legal definition of a war crime. Grave breaches of the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions (related to the protection of prisoners of war and civilians, respectively) include the following acts, if committed against a person protected by the convention: willful killing, torture or inhumane treatment, such as exposing a person to biological experiments causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health, compelling one to serve in the forces of a hostile power, and willfully depriving one of the right to a fair trial. Also, considered grave breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention are taking of hostages, extensive destruction of property carried out unlawfully and not justified by military necessity, and the unlawful deportation, transfer, or confinement. Although wars have changed since the Geneva Conventions of 1949, these conventions are still considered today the cornerstone of contemporary International Humanitarian Law. They protect fighters in battles, and they also protect civilians in the zone of war. These treaties have played an important role all recent international armed conflicts, including the War in Afghanistan (2001– present), the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the 2008 War in Georgia. Vocabulary Conventions معاهدات Comprise يشمل / يتضمن Rules قواعد Apply يطبق Armed مسلح Conflict نزاع / صراع Seek تسعى Protect يحمى No longer لم يعد Taking part يشارك Wounded جريح Sick مريض Fighters مقاتلون Prisoners of war أسرى حرب Civilians مدنيون Personnel أفراد Consist يتكون من Treaties إتفاقيات Additional إضافى Protocols بروتوكولات Set تضع / تحدد Standards معايير International law القانون الدولى Humanitarian إنسانى Treatment معاملة Victims ضحايا Term مصطلح Agreements إتفاقيات Negotiated تفاوض Include يتضمن Defining يعرف Basic أساسى Rights حقوق Captured يقع في الأسر Military عسكرى Means وسيلة Providing يوفر Zone منطقة Ratified صادق على Reservations تحفظات Goes back to يعود إلى / يرجع إلى Published نشر Memories ذكريات Solferino سلفرينو ( بإيطاليا ) Horrors فظائع Wartime وقت/ زمن الحرب Experiences تجارب / خبرات Inspired ألهم Propose يقترح permanent دائم Relief مساعدة Agency وكالة Aid مساعدة Guarantee يضمن Neutrality حياد allowing تسمح Former السابق Proposal إقتراح Led أدى / قاد إلى Latter اللاحق Accomplishments إنجازات Awarded منح Violations إنتهاكات Serious خطير Grave خطير Breaches إنتهاكات Legal قانونى War crime جرائم حرب Related مرتبط ب Respectively على الترتيب Acts أعمال Committed أرتكب Willful متعمد Torture تعذيب Inhumane لاإنسانى Exposing تعريض Biological بيولوجى Experiments تجارب Causing تحدث / تسبب Suffering معاناة Injury إصابة Compelling إرغام Serve يخدم Forces قوات Hostile معادى Power قوة Depriving حرمان Right حق Fair عادل Trial محاكمة Considered يعتبر Hostages رهائن Extensive واسع/ ممتد Destruction تدمير Property ممتلكات Carried out تنفذ Unlawfully غير قانونى Justified مبرر Necessity ضرورة Deportation إبعاد Transfer نقل Confinement إحتجاز Cornerstone حجر الزاوية Contemporary معاصر Battles معارك Role دور Recent حديث Present الحاضر Invasion غزو Questions 1- What do the Geneva Conventions consist of? The Geneva Conventions consist of four treaties and three additional protocols that set the standards in international law for humanitarian treatment of the victims of war. 2- What do the Geneva Conventions try to do? These conventions try to protect people who are not or are no longer taking part in war: for example, wounded or sick fighters, prisoners of war, civilians, medical and religious personnel. 3- What does the term Geneva Conventions refer to? It refers to the agreements of 1949, negotiated after of World War II, that include article defining the basic rights of those captured during a military conflict, means of providing protection for the wounded, and for civilians in and around a war zone. 4- How many countries ratified the treaties of 1949? 194 countries ratified the treaties of 1949. 5- How did Dunant's wartime experiences affect him? 6- His wartime experiences inspired him to propose a permanent relief agency for humanitarian aid in times of war, and a government treaty to guarantee the neutrality of the agency and allowing it to provide aid in a war zone. 6-How was Dunant rewarded كوفئ for his efforts? Dunant was rewarded by receiving استلامthe first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901. ج 7- Mention two examples of grave breaches that are considered war crimes. War crimes include willful killing, torture or inhumane treatment of civilians or prisoners of war, such as exposing them to biological experiments causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health, compelling them to serve in the forces of a hostile power, and willfully depriving them of the right to a fair trial. 8- Why are the Geneva Conventions still important today? They are still important today because they help to protect fighters in battles, and they also protect civilians in the zone of war. 9- Mention two recent wars in which the Geneva Conventions played an important role. The Geneva Conventions played an important role in the War in Afghanistan (2001– present), the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the 2008 War in Georgia. 10- Use each of the following words in a sentence of your own: Prisoners of war – civilians – hostages – war crimes ج ٭Prisoners of war should be treated humanely. ٭In wars, civilians as well as soldiers may get killed or injured. ٭Taking hostages is illegal. ٭Those who commit war crimes should be punished.[/colour]

ربناا معاكي هو بصراحة المصدر المؤؤول ده رخم قوي بس هتفرج علي الفيديوهات زي ما حسين قااال ربنا معاكي