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العفو

أفتحوا القناة كل فترة وسوف تجدون عرض الجدول الخاص بالمحاضرات بين كل محاضرة والأخرى يعني كل ساعة تقريبًا

مجرد اقتراح ركزوا على الأسئلة الموجودة في المحاضرة الخامسة ثم الأسئلة التي اذيعت على التلفزيون والتي أضافتها الدكتورة هذا الترم فقط ( أي لم تكن موجودة بالترم الماضي) ثم اللى عايز يزيد هو حر في الباقي أما عن الشخصيات في الحقيقة أنا لا أحضر ولكن صديقتي هي التي تحضر وتقول لى وأنا أقول لكم وهي للأسف لم تحضر المحاضرة الأخيرة من هذه المادة ولكن أنا أقترح أن تذاكر ثلاث شخصيات بالكتابة وأكيد سوف يأتي منهم واحدة إن لم يكن الأثنان وأترك الشخصية التي تجدها صعبة عليك في الحفظ والكلمات وكمان انا سمعت من واحدة في الجامعة ولكني مش متاكدة أن الدكتورة قالت أنها ممكن تجيب الشخصيات كأسئلة صح و غلط هذه معلوماتي وبالله التوفيق

السلام عليكم في الحقيقة أنا لا أحضر ولكن صديقتي هي التي تحضر وتقول لى وأنا أقول لكم وهي للأسف لم تحضر المحاضرة الأخيرة من هذه المادة ولكن أنا أقترح أن تذاكر ثلاث شخصيات بالكتابة وأكيد سوف يأتي منهم واحدة إن لم يكن الأثنان وأترك الشخصية التي تجدها صعبة عليك في الحفظ والكلمات وكمان انا سمعت من واحدة في الجامعة ولكني مش متاكدة أن الدكتورة قالت أنها ممكن تجيب الشخصيات كأسئلة صح و غلط هذه معلوماتي وبالله التوفيق

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاتـــــــــــــــــــــــته حبيت أقول لكم أن الملخص السابق به بعض الأسئلة التي لم أجب عنها لني لم أستطع استخراج إجاباتها. ويا رايت لمن يعرف الإجابة أن يجيبنا عنها وبـــــــــــــــارك الله فيكم

شكرًا جزيلاُ وجزاك الله خيرًا

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله أعتقد أن الإجابة هي أن فلسفية خبر مرفوع بالضمة لأنه مفرد ولإزالة اللبس بين الصفة والخبر يمكنك عمل الاتي إذا حذفت الخبر فلن تفهم شيئأ من الجملة اما غذا حذفت الصفة فسوف تفهم الجملة بدونها لاحظ: رسالة حي بن يقظان رسالة فلسفية ( خبر) رسالة حي بن يقظان الفلسفية رائـــعة. ( الفلسفية هنا صفة ، لو حذفتها ستفهم الجملة) والمثال السابق يقودنا إلى معلومة مفيدة الخبر لا يأتي إلا نكرة وإذا أقترن به ال التعريف يصبح صفة الطالب مجتهد. ( مجتهد خبر وهذا ما أريد أن أخبرك به) الطالب المجتهد حضر. ( المجتهد صفة، وما أريد أن أقوله لن تعرفه إلا من الكلمة التالية وهي (حضر) خبر جملة فعلية والفاعل ضمير مستتر تقديره هو) هــــــــــذه معلوماتي والله أعلم واريد طلبًا لو سمحت هل يمكنك أن تقول لنا ماذا أتي في الامتحان بتاعك في هذه المادة لن الامتحانات الموجودة على صفحتي قديمة وخمسة فقط وجزاك الله خيرًا

كلام الأستاذ حمدي صحيح يا جماعة وهو ما قاله الدكتور أن نهتم بالقطع الموجودة في المحاضرات والتطبيقات والكتاب ولكنه لم يقل صراحة أن القطعة سوف تأتي منهم

على فكرة الملخص أنا التي قمت بغجابة الأسئلة من خلال التطبيقات ، ولكم حق المراجعة حتى إذا أخطأت في شيء يمكنكم تعديله، فجل من لا يخطئ. فهذا مجهودي الشخصى. فراجعوني وفقكم الله

في الحقيقة ان لم أحضر هذه المادة ولكن لسة فاضل محاضرة كمان(الأخيرة) لو قدرت أعرف من اللي حيحضروها أي شيء سوف أكتبه لكم غن شاء الله خاصة لمساعدة المقيمين بعيدًا عن القاهرة وانا لا أحضر بانتظام بسبب الأولاد ولكن لي صديقة تحضر أحيانًا وإذا عرفت شيء فلن أبخل ولا تنسوني بالدعاء

كما رأينا أن القطعة مكونة من جملتين فقط، وقمنا بتكسيرها في المحاضرة إلى جمل صغيرة قبل البدء في الترجمة ثم ترجمة الكلمات الصعبة ثم الصياغة مع الاهتمام بزمن الجملة المناسب كانت هذه بعض الملاحظات التي قالها الدكتور مع السلامة وسوف أرسل الترجمة بعدين إن شــــــــــــاء الله بالتوفيق

الاهتمام بتلوث الهواء يعد ظاهرة حديثة نسبيًا. وبدات بعد الثورة الصناعية وكانت الولايات المتحدة أول من أصدرت بعض القوانين الداعية إلى التحكم في دخان المصانع فى المناطق الصناعية، وقد أصبح تطبيق هذه القوانين إجباريًا بعد أن تبين التأثير الضار على الصحة العامة في المدن الأوروبية والأميريكية كزيادة عدد الوفيات على سبيل المثال، وقد أدى تلوث المياه غفلى زيادة نسبة الإصابة بالفشل الكلوي كطما هو الحال في مصر ، واستخدام المبيدات والأسمدة الكيماوية بكثرة في الزراعة أدى غلى تفاقم الأزمات الصحية في الوطن العربي.

السلام عليكم لقد حضرت المحاضرة الأخيرة لهذه المادة الجمعة الماضية وقال الدكتور 1- لغى كل الشخصيات الموجودة بالمحاضرات ( أينشتين، ونيوتن وغيره) 2- نذاكر القطع الموجودة في التطبيقات والمحاضرات والقطع الموجودة بالكتاب بهدف حفظ الكلمات الصعبة علينا فيها 3- الامتحان سيكون كمايلي: ترجمة كلمات ( مصطلحات) من عربي إلى إنجليزي السؤال الثاني: ترجمة من عربي إلى إنجليزي السؤال الثالث: ترجمة من إنجليزي غلى عربي وبس كدة وكمان أعطنا قطعة وقال انها في المستوى المتوسط وهذا هو المستوى الذي سوف يأتي في الامتحان والقطعة هي:...........................

All Done

Novel م3 1. What is a "novella"? Novella is a shorter fictional prose work that ranges from roughly fifty to one hundred pages in length 2. What are the advantages of the lengthy novel? 3. Where did the novel first appear on the literary scene? Scholars disagree about when the novel first appeared on the literary scene 4. Who was the first English woman to support herself as a writer? Aphra Behn is the first English woman to support herself as a writer. 5. What is the significance of Don Quixote in literature? (Don Quixote played a major role in the development of the realistic novel. Explain.) The significance of Don Quixote is that it is a close ancestor of the first novel. It is also the most famous and influential of the picaresque narrative often viewed as transitional works linking the prose tale and the novel in Western literary history. 6. What is the most famous and influential picaresque تشردي narrative? Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote de la Mancha 7. What are picaresque narratives characterized by? Picaresque narratives can be seen as a framed set of tales; episodic in structure, they recount a series of events linked by the presence of a single, usually roguish, protagonist or main character. 8. What do medieval romances and romances written during the renaissance share? (Medieval romances and romances writers during the Renaissance share some features ميزات. Elaborate.) Medieval romances and romances written during the Renaissance share the length characteristic of the novel and an intricate plot which features quests, chivalry and the fantastic or supernatural 9. What is the origin of the novel? Short story 1. Define, the term, “short story”, briefly. The short story is A fictional narrative in prose, ranging in length from about 500 words (a "short short story") to about 15000 words, often, though certainly not always, limited to a very few characters, a single setting, and a single incident. 2. State Edger Allan Poe's description of the short story. Edgar Allan Poe's description was "a short prose narrative, requiring from a half-hour to one or two hours in its perusal". 3. The short story has a unity of effect, tone, mood and impression. Explain. The short story has a unity of effect, tone, mood and impression due to its relative brevity and compression 4. There are similarities between the novel and the short story. Explain. There are similarities between the novel and the short story .they may be may be tragic, comic, or satiric. It may represent a work of realism, naturalism, or fantasy. 5. State the difference between the short story and the novel. The short story is distinguished from the novel by its simple purpose that reveals essential aspects of a character or characters, not to show character development over time. 6. Where did the novel emerge? 7. What are the forms story telling took during the renaissance? Forms story are telling took during the renaissance are beast fables, exempla, folktales, and chivalric romances. 8. When did the short story emerge as a literary genre? In the nineteenth century the short story emerged as a literary genre 9. How did the short story change in the 20th c? During the twentieth century, the form has been greatly varied, refined, and extended by such modern masters as O. Henry, Phillip Roth, J. D. Salinger and John Barth among many others. 10. Mention two important literary figures in the 19th c and the 20th c. Poe in the 19th c and O. Henry in the 20th c. Short story م4 1. What is the difference between the short story and the anecdote نادرة? The short story distinguished from the anecdote by its meticulous and deliberate مدروس craftsmanship, which may involve such things as definite plot structure, complexity of characterization, and often a point of view from which the story is told. 2. What is the difference between the short story and the novel? The short story is distinguished from the novel by its simple purpose that reveals essential aspects of a character or characters, not to show character development over time. 3. When did the short story emerge as a dominant literary genre? In the twentieth century, the short story has emerged as a dominant literary genre 4. The presentation of action in the short story declined انحدر in the 20th c. Explain. (The 20th witnessed a decline in action presentation in the short story. Explain.) The presentation of action in the short story declined in the 21stC since short story writers started to focus on the harsh realities of modern life or their characters’ internal and psychological states.

Novel 1. Define, the term, “novel”. A novel is a lengthy fictional narrative in prose dealing with characters, incidents, and settings that imitate those found in real life. 2. What is the main concern of the novel? the novel is concerned with the depiction of middle-class and working-class characters (rather than legendary heroes) engaged in such ordinary pursuits as falling in love; getting married; traveling; making money; contending with their environment, with other characters, or with their own limitations; and struggling for advancement in their society or profession. 3. What is the impression the novelist tries to deliver through his novel? The author, while obviously inventing people and situations, attempts to give the impression that he or she is reporting the facts as they occurred. 4. The novel lacks neat مرتب / متقن and tidy classification. Explain. Because of tremendous variety in type, form, and subject matter, the novel resists neat and tidy classification. 5. Trace the emergence of the novel. 6. When did the English novel emerge as a literary genre? (5) (6) While the roots of the novel reach back into classical literature and can be found later in such forms as the epic قصيدة طويلة/ ملحمة, the Italian novella (from which the word novel derives), the picaresque tale (Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote), and the medieval and French romances, the English novel did not emerge as a clearly recognizable genre until the eighteenth century. 7. Mention the first fully realized novel by the critics. Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) with being the first work that can be called a fully realized novel. 8. Mention two eighteenth century writers who contributed to the development of the novel. Other eighteenth-century writers important to the development of the novel are Daniel Defoe (Moll Flanders), Henry fielding (Tom Jones) 9. What is the first truly American novel? The first truly American novel, The Power of Sympathy by William Hill brown 10. Who is the first important American novelist who wrote in the gothic tradition? Charles Brockden Brown, considered to be the first important American novelist, wrote in the gothic tradition. 11. By whom was The Scarlet Letter written? Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter appeared in 1850 and Herman Melville's Classic Moby-Dick in 1851. 12. Explain, briefly, the significance of the novel ever since its emergence. Since these beginnings in England and America, each successive era has found its mode of life, political and social philosophies, triumphs and failures, fads and fashions, fears and aspirations mirrored in the novels of the time. Today the novel remains the most popular and most widely read form of literature. 1- How is the novel distinguished from briefer prose works? The novel is distinguished from briefer prose works as the novel authors develop one or more characters (characterization) and establish their motivation and construct intricate plots.

Drama م2 (1) Where did Greek comedy and Greek tragedy originate in? Greek comedy originated in fertility rites, Greek tragedy in rites of sacrifice. (2) How did drama develop during the renaissance? Beginning with the renaissance, drama has continued to develop new forms and styles. For example, early drama was poetic; prose dialogue was introduced in the sixteenth century. By the eighteenth century prose had become dominant مسيطر, due largely to the demands of a rising middle-class audience for more contemporary subjects and themes. (3) What are the two major divisions of Drama? The two major divisions of Drama are comedy and tragedy. (4) Although all plays are dramas, not all dramas are plays. Explain. Although all plays are dramas, not all dramas are plays because closet dramas are meant not to be performed but, rather, to be read as poems. (5) Some movies are classified in the drama section of video stories. Clarify. Some movies are classified in the drama section of video stores because contemporary usage permits the term ‘drama’ to be applied to a wide range of serious works. Play 1. Define, briefly, the term, "play". Play is a drama intended for performance before a theatrical audience. Prose (1) What is the difference between prose and poetry? poetry is presented in lines but prose is presented in paragraph (2) What is prose characterized تتصف ب by? Prose is characterized by the sort of plain, straightforward statement found in everyday speech. Prose م3 1.How does the work of prose become more artful? By employing devices such as a certain mode of rhythm, imagery, and sonority 2. Poets tend to innovate whereas prose writers tend to imitate. Explain. Poets tend to innovate whereas prose writers tend to imitate because prose writers make belated use of those poetic innovations that can be adapted to the prose environment. 1- What is prose expression characterized by? Prose is characterized by grammatical design and not deliberate or regular rhythmic or metrical patterns.

Summary 313 Poetry (1) Identity the importance of poetry in literature. Poetry is the Literature in its most intense عاطفي, most imaginative, and most rhythmic forms (2) State the impact of the use of metaphors in poetry. The use of metaphors in poetry creats a greater concentration of meaning than is ordinarily found in prose (3) Define, the term, “poetry”. The term poetry is commonly used for all composition in verse; it is also used more restrictively to identify serious verse composition of high quality (4) The definition of poetry is variable. Elaborate. The poets of each generation and their interpreters have had their own definition of poetry, their own sense of what poetry is and what poetry does: Poetry is "a criticism of life". —Matthew Arnold Poetry consists of "imaginary gardens with real toads in them".—Marianne Moore "Poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another". —Robert Frost (5)What does the essence of poetry mean? The essence of poetry means that poets commonly make use of figurative language and symbolism. ت3 Poetry م1 1. Poetry is characterized as fiction, and, therefore, any imaginative artistic work might be called poetic. Elaborate. Poetry is characterized as fiction, and, therefore, any imaginative artistic work might be called poetic because poetry is not tied to fact or history. 2. The aim of poetry is differently identified among the schools of thought. Mention these views. The aim of poetry is differently identified among the schools of thought since it could provide pleasure or instruction or insight. 3. What was the role of poetry ever since its emergence? (Poetry originated نشأ as a collective endeavor. Explain) Poetry originated as a collective endeavor because it played a major role in religious and other ceremonial events and it also helped to preserve a tribe’s or group’s history and its traditions. 4. No subjects is off-limits to the poet. Clarify. To call poetry a discipline seems limiting in itself, but poetry is surely the one literary area in which anything goes, as long as the poet's emotions have been aroused. 5. Although poetry can be approached intellectually, it is equally an emotional experience. Explain. Although poetry can be approached intellectually, it is equally an emotional experience because poetry is meant to be experienced rather than read. 6. Why is rhyme a common device in poetry? Because it’s a chief contributor to establishing rhythm. 7. State the role of rhythm in poetry. Rhythm is an essential element of poetry; variations on the rhythmic pattern create auditory interest and also introduce a new or different idea or viewpoint. 8. When did poetry dispense with rhyme? in the last several centuries, much twentieth- century poetry dispensed with rhyme. 9. What is meant by the “poetic diction”? the “poetic diction” is a special " poetic '' vocabulary used heavily in the past. 10. The brevity of poetry affords it a particular intensity. Elaborate. The brevity of poetry affords it a particular intensity because each word in a poem tends to be packed with meaning. Verse (1) Although “verse” is used as a synonym for “poetry”, there is a great difference between them. Discuss. (2) Poetry is superior to verse. Do you agree?.... (Explain) Yes, I agree that poetry is superior to verse by virtue ميزته of its imaginative quality, intricate structure, serious or lofty subject matter, or noble purpose.(2) however لكن, the term verse is often used more specially to denote يدل على metrical and rhymed compositions of lesser literary value. The term is also sometimes used to refer to a single line of poetry, or as a synonym for stanza مقطع شعري. Verse م1 (1) What is the correct and incorrect definition of verse? The correct definition of verse is that it is an individual line of poetry whereas the incorrect definition, although common, is using verse to refer to a stanza of a poem or song. (2) All poetry is verse, but that not all verse is poetry. Explain. Many of those who make this distinction argue that verse is a lower form of expression than poetry; verse, they suggest, is notable mainly for its rhythmic and metrical form, whereas poetry is characterized by imagination, a less obvious ( and more intricate ) structure, and a lofty purpose. (3) Some scholars believe that verse, as a term, is more inclusive شامل than poetry. Clarify. term verse is more inclusive term because it is covering forms (such a light verse) that are typically not classified as poetry. Drama (1) Define, briefly, the term, "drama". Drama is a literary work written in dialogue to be performed before an audience by actors on a stage. (2) Mention the basic elements of drama. (3) What does the term "drama" identify? the term drama identifies anything from tragedy to melodrama, from high comedy to farce. (4) Identify the origins of drama. (What is the origin of drama?) Drama had its origins in religious ceremonies. Greek comedy evolved from Dionysian fertility rites; Greek tragedy, from rites concerned with life and death. (5) What was medieval drama concerned with? Medieval drama is concerned with Christian rituals commemorating the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. (6) When was prose dialogue introduced? prose dialogue was introduced in the sixteenth century. (7) When was prose dominant? Why? By the eighteenth century prose had become dominant مسيطر, due largely to the demands of a rising middle-class audience for more contemporary subjects and themes. ( The basic elements of drama have remained unchanged. Clarify. Because Drama is still presented through dialogue for the entertainment and instruction تعليم of an audience.

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بالنسبة لهذه المادة 313 فإن هناك تطبيقات جديدة نزلت على النت وقالت الدكتورة إن هذه التتطبيقات مهمة. وخلاصة الموضوع إن هذه التطبيقات عبارة عن فقرات غضافية لنفس المواضيع السابقة وإضافة بعض الأسئلة ولكن قمت بعمل ملخص لهذه الأسئلة وغجابتها لمن يريد ( على فكرة أنا لسة ما حفظتش الملخص، ربنا يسهل)