معاجم 225

[alaa eldin fikry 0]

السلام عليكم ورحمه الله زملائى الاعزاء برجاء وضع اى تعليق يخص هذه الماده فى هذا الباب سواء كان تعليق من زملاءسبق ان درسو هذه المده فى التيرمات السابقه ووفقهم الله وأرادو المساعده بالنصح والارشاد او زملاء نشترك معهم فى نفس الماده ولديهم معلومه تفيد الزملاء مثل المقرر والمحزوف والملغى او اضافه تلخيص او خبره شخصيه او طلب اى شىء من الزملاء وهذا لمزيد من التعاون والتنظيم وسرعه البحث والحصول على المعلومه والله من وراء القصد

[ahmedmahgoub 0]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

برنامج الترجمة (قسم اللغة الإنجليزية وآدابها)

امتحان دور يناير 2008 (ورقة - 1 -)

اسم المقرر: معاجم كود المقرر: 225

التاريخ: / / 2008 الزمن: ساعتان

Dictionaries


I. Answer ONE of
the following questions:


[8 Marks]

1. Write an essay on a dictionary compiled
using the synchronic approach.


ANSWER:


A Dictionary Compiled Using the Synchronic Approach.


The
synchronic approach deals with language as used in one time, for example the
current time.


A
current English dictionary will ignore the historical meanings of words and
give only the current senses. Thus, it deals with language synchronically not
diachronically.


Language
is, by nature, an ever-changing human phenomenon. In general, a current English
dictionary deals with the current meanings trying to give a complete inventory
of the language.


There
are various levels of dictionaries, general-purpose being most common. They
deal with the general use of the language.
Specialized dictionaries cover narrow fields of knowledge (e.g.,
medicine or technology).


An
example of a current English dictionary is Cambridge Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary.


This
dictionary gives many pieces of information, such as pronunciation (British
& American, recorded with human voice), part of speech and usage among
others. For example, the entry “capable”
gives the pronunciations, the part of speech (adj.), meanings, (e.g.,
able to do things effectively and skilfully, and to achieve results) and usages
(She's a very capable woman/worker/judge. & He’s capable of doing
something).


Such
a dictionary is essential to the reader of general modern texts, such as
newspapers and magazines or non-specialised books. Looking up words in such a
dictionary is so easy and interesting. In contrast, Arabic dictionaries are
difficult to use; one has to reduce the word to its root. Arabic dictionaries
are not updated since there is a belief that language does not change. They
also lack the alluring appearance and design that would encourage the learner
or children to use them.


Other dictionaries:


1.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary of Current English


2.
Longman Dictionary of
Contemporary English


3.
Macmillan English Dictionary
for Advanced Learners


4.
Webster’s New
World Dictionary (of American English).





2. Write an essay on the two types of idioms
in Arabic and English.


II. Answer the following questions:


[12 Marks]





1. In the following
sentence, determine where the error is, correct it, and explain why such an
error is common among Arabic-speaking learners of English:





× “Some drugs can ruin a man’s health. It
destroys parts of the nervous system.”


ANSWER:


The error here is in
“It destroys”


The correct sentence
should be:





“Some
drugs can ruin a man’s health. They destroy parts of the nervous
system.”


The error occurred because of the influence of
the mother tongue. In Arabic, non-persons are dealt with as singular (المخدرات ... تدمر .... وهى؛
وليس يدمرون ... وهم)





2. Guided by the
explanations given translate the following idioms into Arabic. Show that you
are not deceived by the literal meaning.





A. “blow the gaff”: to
cause trouble for someone by letting other people know something they were
trying to keep secret, e.g., They killed him because he was about to blow
the gaff on their illegal deals.


ANSWER:


يفشى السر


يفضح الأمر


يهتك الستر


B.
“be all mouth”: If someone is all
mouth, they talk a lot about doing something but they never do it, e.g., She
says she’ll complain to the manager, but I think she’s all mouth.


ANSWER:


أسمع جعجعة ولا أرى طحينا


جعجاع


يقولون ما لا يفعلون


3. Trace the historical development of the
meanings of the word “dainty ” as given in the following extract of the Oxford
English Dictionary. Give only four different meanings with an Arabic
translation of each meaning.


dainty, … etc.


ANSWER:


1. valuable; choice, excellent,


ذو قيمة عالية


2. precious;
hence rare,


ثمين، نادر


3. pleasing to
the palate,


مذاقه رائع


4. delicately pretty, made with delicate taste


جمال يتسم
بالذوق الرفيع

[Hamdy Tawfik-manar9 0]

جزاك الله خيرا اخي احمد علي المجهود الكبير

[alaa eldin fikry 0]

السلام عليكم ورحمه الله جزاك الله عنا خير يا مستر احمد وللامام دايما

[maye shammout 0]

Peace be upon you and Allah's mercy and blessings

Actually, i have a question which is a bout "the tracing of the historical development of meaning of a word" ,,,, my question here; are we required to use a certain kind of dictionary during the exam or we are goin' to study specific words which could be included in the exam??? i hope that someone could tell me specially those students who attendes lectures at the university with doctors there .... my appology for going so long with my question
:|

[enigma_sinai 0]

hi Maye, how u keeping? wish OK
well, i have this course in my current term
when such question is asked, there would be a piece"page"of dictionary, giving certain meanings of the word you are required to trace
and u have to give the Arabic meaning of each one
that's what i concluded while reading the book
and still not pretty sure

[dalia 0]

Good morning girls,

Hope all is well with you.

Follows please find an example regarding tracing meanings of a word and the answer, from one of the lectures:






3. Trace the historical development of the meanings of the word “brave
” as given in the following extract of the Oxford English Dictionary.
Give only four different meanings with an Arabic translation of each meaning.


Brave: breIv


Model Answer:






3.
The word “brave”: breIv
has undergone changes of meaning through its history. The OED gives the
following meanings, among others:





1. [1485] courageous, daring شجاع،
جرئ


2. [1568] finely-dressed مهندم، حسن المظهر


3. [1600] excellent, good, رائع،
ممتاز


4. [1617] brave-hearted, brave-minded شجاع، قوى (القلب، العقل، الخ)



I hope you find it helpful. Best of luck

[maye shammout 0]

hi enigma_sinai,, im doin' fine thank god hope u to doin' well with your study ... for our question,,you are right they give 7 extractions .. but if we supposed that there is no need for dictionaries in the exam then what's the refrence of this question "give only four different meanings with an arabic translation of each meaning" ... does it mean that we are goin' to translate 4 of the 7 ... by the way thanks dalia for passin' by my question but i wasn't looking 4 answers for my question i was searchin' for the explanation of a point in that kind of questions we could face i the exam.
enigma_sinai if you had more explantion i would be apreciated ... thanks for your interest

[dalia 0]

Hi Maye,

Actually I was just adding to what enigma has already written. You do get a photocopy of one or two pages from the dictionary, with the development of the word. And then you will be asked to translate the meaning, as per the example I put.

Hope this answers your questions and explains what you need to be explained.

Good luck

[maye shammout 0]

hi dalia,,,
i really apologize for my misunderstanding i thought you didn't get my point as you didn't mention that you are adding to what engima_sinai said....in fact i do have this question aquainted with it's answer but what im askin' here; that are we supposed to have an "OED" with us durin' the exam or we are asked to study specific word extractions required for the exam...how are we goin' to get the extraction of the word ...im really sorry dalia for botherin' you but if you understood me i would really be pleased to listen to your explanation.

[dalia 0]

Dear Maye,

No need for apology pleaseeeeeeeeeeeeeee:)

We are all colleagues, brothers and sisters.

You will not need a dictionary in the exam, as a matter of fact we are not allowed to have any dictionaries in the exams. There will be a photocopy for a page or two from the dictionary, with several meanings for the development of the word. If I recall correctly, as I took this course over a year ago, normally there are more than 6 or 7 different meanings and you will be asked to translate 4 of them. Usually they are words that you can understand their meanings, or in worst case scenario, you can guess it:)

I hope this explanation is sufficient, and if you still need any more clarification, please do not hesitate to ask. We are all here trying to help each other, and God is there to help us in doing so.

Take care,
Dalia

[maye shammout 0]

hey dalia,,,
i really apreciate your efforts with me and you really got my question that exactily what i needed to know:cheers: ...hope the best of luck to you isa.

[Om Habiba 0]

يا تري مين كان بيحضر لدكتور المادة: هل ذكر شيء عن الامتحان؟

لو حد يعرف حل السؤال ده اكون شاكرة
determine the error and explain why
1-The weather affects on him a great deal
2- TV satellite channels can have a harmful effect on the young.so we should sensor it

[dalia 0]

السلام عليكم

determine the error and explain why
1-The weather affects on him a great deal
2- TV satellite channels can have a harmful effect on the young.so we should sensor it

بصي يا ستي، ده رأيي المتواضع:
The weather affects him a great deal، لأن الفعل Affect ما بيجيش معاه on

TV Satellite channels can have a harmful effect on the youth )or on children) علشان young دي صفة، مافيش noun اسمه the young كده بس

والله أعلم

بالتوفيق إن شاء الله

[Om Habiba 0]

الله ينور :D

[maye shammout 0]

السلام عليكم

بالنسبه لمواضيع المقال هل ممكن نعتمد على ورق المحاضرات و لا يشترط اننا نكتب مقال من عندنا ... يا ريت بجد حد يفيدني ايفاده سريعه عشان انا حفظت الورق و مش عارفه ايه الحل؟؟؟

[Om Habiba 0]

انا لما سمعت التطبيقات التلفزيونية للدكتور قال اننا نستخدم المقالات اللي في المحاضرات بس لازم ازود عليها من عندي و المقال بتاع المعاجم الحديثة استخدم القاموس اللي فعلا باستخدمه و احكي عنه

[maye shammout 0]

انا فعلا شفت التطبيقات بس بالنسبه للاضافه عليهم انا حاولت ادور اني اضيف حاجه معرفتش خالص للاسف شكلي هكتب اللي في المحاضرات و بس و ربنا يستر